Understanding Functional Seizures
Functional / Dissociative Seizures
These involuntary episodes deserve understanding, accurate diagnosis and appropriate care. They are also called psychogenic non-epileptic seizures, or PNES.
About this information
ESCO reviews this information regularly. It supports learning and does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Discuss your own care with your healthcare provider.
Different mechanisms
Functional seizures can resemble epilepsy seizures but do not result from epileptic electrical activity. A person can have both conditions.
Diagnosis requires assessment.
History, event descriptions and investigations inform diagnosis. Video-EEG may help. A normal routine EEG alone cannot establish functional seizures or exclude epilepsy.
Treatment and support
Care can include tailored psychological therapy and practical support. Anti-seizure medicines do not treat functional seizures themselves but may be needed for another condition. Never stop them independently.
Respond calmly and respectfully.
Reduce hazards, allow space and follow the individual response plan. Avoid restraint, painful stimulation and placing anything in the mouth.
Call 911 for breathing problems, serious injury or another emergency. If the diagnosis or event is uncertain, follow general seizure first aid and seek help.